Not all hybrids have electric motors and batteries

When it comes to transportation, hybridization is not new. Hybrid cars and trucks that combine an electric motor with a gasoline engine date back to the turn of the 20th century. Hybrid diesel-electric locomotives have been in operation for years, and in the 1970s, small numbers of diesel-electric buses began to appear. On a smaller scale, a moped is a hybrid — it combines the power of a gasoline engine with the pedal power of the rider. So, any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power is considered a hybrid vehicle (HV). Today, when hybrid and vehicle are used together — think Toyota Prius, Ford Fusion Hybrid or Honda Civic Hybrid — that vehicle, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Each of these vehicles combine an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor that receives electricity from a battery pack. Today’s gasoline- and diesel electric hybrid systems are very complex, high-tech wonders in design and operation. Components include controllers, generators, converters, inverters, regenerative braking and, of course, a battery pack — either nickel-metal hydride or lithium ion. HEVs offer benefits that their conventional gasoline or diesel counterparts do not have — increased fuel economy and fewer harmful emissions coming out the tailpipe. But to achieve the same results not all hybrid vehicles require electric motors and batteries. Here’s a look at three alternative hybrid systems. One is now employed in big trucks and could find its way into cars, one is likely to appear in a 2016 BMW and the third could be on the road in three years. Hydraulic — Not Just For The Big Dogs Last August I featured an article about a hydraulic hybrid system that has made its way into big diesel refuse trucks, the ones that come around once a week and pick up our trash. On a good day, a garbage hauler will eke out 4 to 5 mpg. Then there are all those icky, nasty pollutants pouring out of the exhaust stacks. But thanks to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), yes, those same government folks who monitor environmental laws and fuel mileage testing, a hydraulic hybrid system they pioneered increases fuel economy in the big rigs by as much as 33 percent and reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) by 40 percent. The principal of the hydraulic system is similar to a HEV. It recovers a portion of the energy normally lost as heat by the vehicle’s brakes. But instead of a battery pack, a hydraulic system uses pistons to capture the wasted energy by compressing nitrogen gas stored in a tank, called an accumulator. When the driver lets off the accelerator pedal, the wheels drive a hydraulic pump that pumps hydraulic fluid to compress the nitrogen gas and slows the truck down. When the driver accelerates, the nitrogen is allowed to expand and pushes a piston in a cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid. This action assists the diesel engine in turning the rear wheels. The hydraulic system performs remarkably well on the big dog trucks, but what about light duty trucks or passenger cars? The Center For Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP), a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota is working on that. The center’s â€Å"Generation 2† vehicle — a Ford F-150 pickup — utilizes a custom-built continuously variable power split hydraulic transmission. It is complemented with hydraulic accumulators to enable hybrid operation. To be competitive, the system must demonstrate advantages over BEVs. Design specifications for the vehicle include: vibration and harshness comparable to a passenger vehicle; a 0 to 60 mph time of 8 seconds; climb a grade of 8 percent; emissions that meet California standards; and the big one, fuel economy of 70 mpg under the federal drive cycles. Steaming Along Twin brothers Francis and Freelan Stanley, inventors of the Stanley Steamer, would likely approve of BMW’s innovative use of the same principal that worked to power their steam engine cars more than 100 years ago to improve the efficiency in modern vehicles. Called Turbosteamer, this system uses wasted heat energy from an engine’s wasted exhaust gases to contribute power to the automobile. This steam assist system starts with a heat exchanger located between the engine and the catalyst that turns water into steam. The pressurized steam is then carried to what is essentially a small steam engine. A second, smaller steam engine produces a little more mechanical energy. I began following this technology in 2005 when BMW said the two steam engines combined generated 14 horsepower and 15 pounds-feet of torque on a 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine. Additionally, fuel economy improved by 15 percent in overall driving. The automaker also said it intended to make the Turbosteamer ready for volume production in a number of its vehicles within a decade. Well, it’s 10 years later, will it see production? Since then, researchers and engineers focused on reducing the size of the components and making the system simpler to improve dynamics. They came up with an innovative expansion turbine based on the principle of the impulse turbine. The system is now smaller, costs less and the developers say fuel consumption is reduced by up to 10 percent during highway driving. While the Turbosteamer can’t compare its greenness to the BMW i3 all-electric car, a 10 percent improvement in fuel economy for an â€Å"Ultimate Driving Machine† is nothing to sneeze at. It’s possible a Turbosteamer equipped BMW vehicle will be introduced next year. Not Just A Bunch Of Hot Air The idea that compressed air could power a viable zero emissions car has been pursued for years by many respected engineers. In 2000, there was much ado about a new compressed air, zero pollution vehicle from French inventor and Formula One engine builder, Guy Nà ¨gre. His company, Motor Development International (MDI), rolled out an urban-sized car, taxi, pickup and van that were powered by an air engine. Instead of those tiny, tiny explosions of gasoline and oxygen pushing the pistons up and down, like in a normal internal combustion engine, the all-aluminum four-cylinder air engine used compressed air for the job. A hybrid version, using a small gasoline engine to power an onboard compressor for a constant supply of compressed air, was claimed to be able to travel from Los Angeles to New York on just one tank of gas. In 2007 MDI signed an agreement with Tata Motors, India’s largest automobile manufacturer to produce air cars in 2008, followed by the hybrid version in 2009. No cars were produced. That’s perhaps one of the reasons compressed air-powered cars have been the butt of jokes among the green car community. Today, the number of jokes has diminished. That’s the result of Peugeot’s introduction of the 208 HYbrid Air 2L Prototype at the 2014 Paris Auto in October. (Full Review). It employs a compressed air tank that turns a hydraulic motor for additional power or zero emissions city driving rather than a battery for the same functions. Like a BEV, during normal driving the car is powered by the gasoline engine. Compressed air is called upon for additional power when passing or traversing a hill. In this situation, power from both the engine and hydraulic motor are directed to the front wheels via an epicyclic transmission, similar to the planetary gear set transmission used by the Toyota Prius. In city driving, where less power is needed and emissions-free driving is the priority, rather than power provided by a battery, the compressed air alone motivates the car. The compressed air tank is recharged when braking or by using part of the energy developed by the three-cylinder gasoline engine to compress the air. During the Pairs Show, Peugeot said if another large auto manufacturer would buy into the technology to enable production in enough numbers to assure manufacturing affordability, the HYbrid Air could be on the market in three or so years. Two reports from Europe are suggesting, without naming the car company, that Peugeot has found an interested partner. Last Word It’s not certain that any of these three alternative hybrid systems will be available in production vehicles, and if they are, what kind of an impact they will have in the marketplace. What is clear is, electricity in the drivetrain isn’t the only way to hybridize a vehicle.

Art History Analysis Paper Free Essays

This paper is a formal analysis of the Marble grave stele with a family group relief sculpture. It is a pentelic marble style relief standing at 171. 1cm tall carved by a master. We will write a custom essay sample on Art History Analysis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is from the Late Classical period of Greek, Attic which was completed around ca. 360 B. C. . I chose to analyze this piece as apposed to the others because I’m mainly attracted to art and sculptures from the Greek era. The overall color used in this relief is ivory with a few cracks and pieces broken off. There is some discoloration which causes the color to come off as slightly light brown for most of the relief. The sculpture appears larger compared to the other sculptures in the art room. It represents a family which includes a man, his wife, and their child united on one high relief. There is a fourth character that is a part of the relief but she appears to be incomplete. The high relief contributes to the overall size of this sculpture by expanding the shape and proportions of all the characters. The right side is compact consisting of three of the four characters while the left is loose with just a head present. The very first thing that my eyes are directed to is of the man sitting on a backless chair on the center-right side of the relief. He along with his chair is positioned where his whole body is shifted and he facing the left side of the relief and looking straight ahead. His hands are the only ones that are detailed to the extent that they show the definition of the finger nails and the wrinkles and creases on the fingers and knuckle area. The left hand is placed on his lap while the right hand is slightly wrapped around and holding a stick that is to his right side and is eye-level in front of the woman standing behind him. The stick is about an inch wide and round and looks as though it could possibly be a wooden cane for support. His body does somewhat look as though he is in shape although I can’t see any muscle definition partially due to the fact that his robe is blocking the front of his stomach. There also seems to be no body rolls and no body fat present. His attire is just a robe draped around his waist, over his lap and covering his legs all the way down to his feet. You can see that the excess material of the robe around his waist was intended for his whole body because of the multiple layers draped over his lap. There are no details of his toes or feet because of the missing piece of the relief but you’re able to see just the back of his foot. His inch long hair and full facial beard look extremely wavy and curly. The fact that his facial hair is present and thick on his face makes me assume that he is possibly in his forties although many men back in that time didn’t live that long. He is sitting with ease and his face seems calm all the while staring blankly ahead. Looking at his face straight on, there seems to be no emotion in his eyes. My eyes are then shifted towards the woman on the right side of the relief. The woman seems to be his wife and is shown standing extremely close to him. Since the chair is backless, I think her standing so close behind him depicts her unity with him. It seems as though she is his support and is there to follow him. She is right up against his back with her right hand up by her chest and his head. The wife and child’s attire displays a robe draped over the entire body leaving only her arms exposed although the wife has sleeves draping all the way down behind her forearm. The robe drapes over the wife’s head like a shawl or veil covering the back half of her head including her hair and ears. Her facial expression gives off a sense of sadness even though she is staring blankly ahead in the same direction as the husband. Compared to the man, her eyes aren’t as widely open and it seems as if she is slightly squinting giving me the idea that she may be crying or is holding it in. Overall, you can tell that she has no other emotion displayed on her face besides sadness. After examining the wife, I work my way down to the awkward and odd looking child standing in front of the mother and is facing forward, opposite of the parents. I’m not too sure whether the child is a male or female but based on the fact that she is basically fully clothed, I would say it’s a female. I describe the girl as awkward and odd looking because she is extremely tiny compared to her parents. Her mother’s hand is the same size as her head, maybe even slightly bigger. She looks like she can be the same size as a toddler but her body looks as though it’s close to being fully developed, almost like a shrunken lady. The girl is holding something in her left hand which looks like a small piece of paper. She is holding her mothers left hand with her right hand and the mother’s hand looks as though she is gently and delicately holding hers. She is standing behind her father but is slightly closer to his left side while her right arm is leaning on the chair. She is wearing a similar robe as her mothers except she doesn’t have a veil and the sleeves end at her armpits exposing her shoulder and arms. The expression on her face shows no emotion and she is also staring blankly ahead. Because there is no emotion on her face and since she is only a child, I assume she is at that age where she’s not aware of what’s going on yet. She doesn’t seem to comprehend the presence of sadness with along with the adults. The last person I look at is a woman on the upper left-hand corner of the relief. Her whole body is basically missing except for her head which remains fully intact. Her hair looks exactly the same as the wife’s hair but she doesn’t have a veil covering it. Looking at both the woman on the upper left corner and the wife on the right, both of their earlobes seem to have a perfect tiny hole in them which leads me to assume that they may have been pierced. The only other body part of hers that appears on the relief is her left shoulder and her left forearm which looks like it is leaning against the man’s right arm. I’m not sure if her body is purposely missing because part of the relief had broken off over the years but it seems as though it signifies her as invisible or non-existent. Her eyes are clearly staring at the man sitting down with the sense of sadness and disappointment. She is looking straight at the man but he doesn’t seem to acknowledge her and is looking straight ahead along with his wife which also gives me a reason to think she’s invisible to them. The bottom parts of the marble sculpture which is the base floor that the man is sitting on, and the wife and child are standing on is severely broken and cracked. The only detail on the bottom floor that I can see are three of the wife’s toes wearing a sandal and the child’s feet which look like she is wearing slippers because there are no sign of toes. You can also see the back of the man’s shoes. I don’t think he is wearing sandals because you can clearly see there is no flesh showing. The artist seems to use a lot of thick lines mainly defined on the clothing where you’re able to see multiple folds of the fabric. They all seem to be standing close together as if they are discussing something and because of their sad expressions, they seem to be mourning a death or event that just happened. All their lips seem to curve down on the corners of their mouths with no sign of smiling or even a smirk. None of them are smiling and all four characters have either a melancholy blank stare or sad emotion. All of their eyes have creases but no sign of pupil color except for the slight shadows within the eye which helps to tell which direction their eyes are staring. While staring and piecing the whole relief together, I assume that the woman on the left is actually their daughter since this is a family group sculpture. Going back to the through of her being invisible to the other three leads to my guess that she might possibly be dead. This would explain the overall sadness that is present at the moment. The parents are mourning the death of their daughter while her head present and body missing signifies that she is still there with them, just not physically. Another little detail that I previously noticed was the daughter’s left forearm leaning against her father’s arm. This gives the effect that the daughter is trying to comfort her father while he is grieving. This work shows the natural emotion of humans and they are displayed as realistic. I think that the overall emotion and story behind this relief is done exquisitely by the master who carved it which is why it is said to be one of the most moving funerary reliefs from the Late Classical period. How to cite Art History Analysis Paper, Papers

The Role of Minor Characters in The House on Mango Street Essay Example For Students

The Role of Minor Characters in The House on Mango Street Essay It is often that the smallest actions or decisions we make have the biggest impact on our lives. Likewise, in literature, minor characters often have important roles to play, either to convey a large theme or message, or to simply prove a point. In the novella, The House on Mango Street, written by Sandra Cisneros, Cisneros uses the minor characters, namely, Geraldo and Alicia, to illustrate the themes of racial prejudice and gender roles. In the vignette, titled Geraldo No Last Name, Cisneros uses the minor character of Geraldo to portray the role of a minority race in the United Sates, specifically, the Spanish minority. Geraldos character is involved in a hit and run and tragically dies at the hospital he is taken to. Marin, who was the last person to see Geraldo, is questioned twice the police; therefore this implies that Cisneros was trying to show how society was trying to find an excuse for Geraldos death. In addition to this, Cisneros characterizes Geraldo as just another brazer or wetback, suggesting that he is an immigrant who jumped the border. She also uses a rhetorical question, asking what does it matter?, therefore showing that the death of Geraldo is not important. Cisneros further illustrates the theme of racial prejudice by using the repletion of the phrase if the surgeon had come, proposing that Geraldos death could have been prevented but society chose not to because he was an immigrant with only a first name. As a result, Geraldos minor role in this novella as a minority race has depicted the reality of many people today who are in similar situations. Also, Cisneros has shown the social criticism of mainstream societys treatment of immigrants as dispensable and second-class human beings. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Minor Characters in The House on Mango Street specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In addition to racial prejudice, the theme of gender roles in a society is also explored in this novella through the minor character of Alicia. Alicia, introduced into this novella in the vignette titled, Alicia Who Sees Mice, is characterized as a hard working girl that has dreams and aspirations to be more than just another Hispanic. However, she is trapped by her duties and role as the mother of her household, keeping her away from achieving her goals. Cisneros uses the symbol of mice to illustrate Alicias fears, or in other words, everything that is blocking her path from accomplishing her dreams. In this case, the mice represent Alicias fear of poverty. Alicia wants to study and go to university so that she can provide for herself; however, the traditional role of women in Hispanic culture is to cook, clean and take care of the children in ones household. In addition to her fear of poverty, Alicia is afraid of her father. By Cisneros illustrating that Alicias father cannot see the mice that Alicia is afraid of she implies that Alicias father is oblivious to their poverty or that he does not care. In addition to this, when Alicia complains about the mice to her father, he says that a womans place is sleeping so she can wake up early with the tortilla star. By using the metaphor of the tortilla star, Cisneros is illustrating Alicias duties as well as the fact that Alicia should not be up late at night to study but rather awake in the early morning to make breakfast for her family. Therefore, as a result, Cisneros uses Alicias minor role to show how the gender of people in a Hispanic culture may influence the actions in which they can partake in. .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 , .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .postImageUrl , .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 , .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:hover , .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:visited , .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:active { border:0!important; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:active , .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85 .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufbaca4a9d6fb168e6059c6a0defc8d85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charles Dickens EssayIn conclusion, minor characters are included in the story for a reason. Each character has a purpose, large or small, that is symbolic or adds on to the story. Geraldo and Alicia, two very different characters, played their roles as minor characters to demonstrate the themes of racial prejudice and gender roles in society. Although their roles were very small, both characters successfully represented some of the most current issues we are facing in society today.

A review of Four Letters of Love by Niall Williams essays

A review of Four Letters of Love by Niall Williams essays William Coughlin a grey and boring civil servant , with his wife Bette and son Nicholas, lives a mundane predictable existence in a boring city suburb. . "My father in a grey suit coming in the front door from the office in the fog of a November evenings, the brief case flopping by the telephone table, the creak in the stairs and across the ceiling above the kitchen as he changes into a cardigan and comes down for his tea". His only difference was that he painted and Nicholas was proud of the WC that was his mark in the corner of the pictures. Bette's life was centred on the household. But out of the blue William shatters the security and pattern of this existence by announcing to his family that God wanted him to paint full time. The family are thrown into turmoil - "God had moved in overnight". William abandoned his family and his secure life and took to the wilds of Ireland to paint. Meanwhile life for Nicholas and Bette became empty and poor. "An Elephant came into our house". On a remote island off Galway, Muiris Gore , the island teacher lives with his wife Margaret and their children Isobel and Sean. The "powers" helps Muiris to get through each day. Margaret is in the valley of the squinting windows always keeping an eye on the neighbour. His children Isobel, an intelligent sensitive girl and Sean, a gifted musician, are their parents pride and joy. On the edge of the cliffs Isobel and Sean become alive and free and express their energy in dancing and singing. Then one day God touches their lives. Sean has an attack that leaves him without speech or movement. Isobel feels guilty about her brothers illness and blames herself. Tragedy and misfortune strike both families. Nicholas' mother dies of sadness and depression. Nicholas and William soldier on together but sadly William too has a tragic end. Nicholas looses his interest in his job and his life and is driven by a quest to find a paining of his fathers that ...

Qu Tal and Other Ways of Using Tal in Spanish

Qu Tal and Other Ways of Using Tal in Spanish To those learning Spanish, tal may best be known for being part of the question phrase  ¿quà © tal? but tal actually has a wide range of uses and meanings. Tal is of those words thats best thought of as representing a concept rather than as the equivalent of a particular English word. Functioning as an adverb, adjective, or pronoun, tal generally is used to refer in some way to something that has previously been said or implied, and it also is used in several common idioms. Here are the most common uses of tal: Tal As an Adjective As an adjective, tal often indicates that the accompanying noun refers to something mentioned earlier. When used this way, tal can often be thought of as meaning of that kind, and it is frequently translated as such. No existe tal lugar. (Such a place doesnt exist.) ¡Por quà © hay tal diferencia de precio? (Why is there such a price difference?)Habà ­a muchos tales libros en existencia a la hora de conquista espaà ±ola. (There were many books of that kind in existence at the time of the Spanish conquest.)Tal cosa jams se ha visto. (Such a thing has never been seen.)Si una persona afirma tal idea, lo haga por error o por ignorancia. (If a person asserts that kind of idea, he does it out of mistake or ignorance.) Tal As a Pronoun As a pronoun, tal refers to something that is vaguely like something else: No hay tal como la escuela perfecta. (Theres no such thing as  the perfect school.)Mi hermano come hamburguesas, pizza y tal. (My brother eats hamburgers, pizza and things like that.)Dà ­galo tal como es. (Tell it like it is.) Tal As an Adverb As an adverb, tal typically means something like just as or in such a way: Tal me habla que no sà © que decir. (He speaks to me in such a way that I dont know what to say.)La cmara ve el color tal cual es en realidad. (The camera sees the color just as it is in real life.)Todo est tal como antes. (Everything is just as it was before.) In Phrases To Express Purpose Con tal que usually means for the purpose of. The phrase is typically followed by an infinitive. The similar phrases con tal de que and con tal que (followed by a conjugated verb) can have a similar meaning but most often convey the idea of provided that, as long as or in the case that. El exgobernador habla en espaà ±ol con tal de ganar votos. (The former governor is speaking in Spanish in order to win votes.)Los senadores estn dispuestos a sacrificar la economà ­a con tal de que el presidente no sea reelegido. (The senators are inclined to sacrifice the economy so that the president isnt re-elected.)Con tal de que me salga mi casa, soy feliz. (Provided I leave my house, Im a happy person.)Con tal que me quieras, soy tuyo. (As long as you love me, Im yours.)Las personas que sufren de insomnio tratan con casi todo con tal de dormir. (People who suffer from insomnia try almost anything in order to sleep.)  ¿Quà © Tal? Tal functions as an adverb with quà © in questions to ask how people or things are. Literal translations of such sentences generally arent possible, since such questions are often casual and idiomatic, so context will determine whats meant. Hola  ¿quà © tal? (Hi, how are you?) ¿Quà © tal tu viaje? (How was your trip?) ¿Quà © tal tu dà ­a? (Hows your day going?) ¿Quà © tal lo estamos haciendo? (How are we doing?) Tal Vez The phrase tal vez means maybe or perhaps. The phrase, often written as talvez, especially in Latin America, is often followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. Tal vez fuera el eco de una aparicià ³n. (Perhaps it was the echo of a ghost.)Tal vez compremos otro coche pequeà ±o. (Maybe well buy another small car.) Key Takeaways Because it can be translated in so many ways, it may be best to think of tal as a word that expresses the idea of something being like something else that has been said or implied previously.Tal can function as a pronoun, adjective, or adverb. It also functions as part of phrases such as tal vez in which the phrases has a meaning apart from the meanings of the individual words.One of the most common translations of tal is such, and a common phrase using the word is tal vez, meaning maybe.

Values Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Values Paper - Essay Example The officer also vows to be honest both in his personal and official life and to become an example by obeying the laws and regulations of the land. In this statement the officer also recognizes the importance of not permitting his personal feelings, animosities or friendships and prejudices to influence his decisions. He vows to enforce the law appropriately and courteously without malice, fear or favor and never to use unnecessary force or violence. Our Core Values Convict the guilty Protect victims Protect the innocent from wrongful conviction Maintain order Protect both the innocent and guilty from oppressive or arbitrary treatment Secure public confidence and cooperation in policing and prosecution; and Pursue these goals effectively and efficiently without disproportionate cost and consequent harm to other public services Our core values relate to the criminal justice agency’s values statement as follows: we strive to protect all people including the innocent and victims from oppressive or arbitrary treatment just like the criminal agency strives to protect all persons including the weak and the peaceful from oppression, violence or disorder. Another core value is securing public confidence in policing and prosecution which relates to the law officer will enforce the law without malice, fear or favor. ... These values are mostly based on a person’s ethnicity and the kind of people a person grows up with. They are also subject to change. According to Koivula (2008) values are abstract rules of desirable conduct and goals developed to fit the conditions in which the society lives. The author also asserts that common values ensure that members of a society understand each other and pursue similar goals in a compatible way without a great deal of negotiation. Values lead to knowledge sharing in the workplace (Koivula, 2008). The author gives an example of self-transcendence values including benevolence and Universalism which are positively connected with knowledge sharing in the workplace. Values make us better people and help us contribute to the betterment of the society including other people and the environment. Values drive us to helping other people either as individuals or groups. Values cause people to become independent in the workplace. People do not need to be closely su pervised if they are guided by values. One is able to determine the nature of his or her work without significant direction from others. Values enhance teamwork in the workplace. People tend to work towards common goals when they are guided by the same values. Employees are more likely to have a good working relationship when they work as a group and are governed by similar organizational values when performing their duties. Values lead to organizational change. Koivula (2008) found that attitudes rely on values and they usually guide behavior in the workplace. The author states that organizational change requires a person to at least sacrifice his or her own resources and interests for the benefit of the whole

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Ethics - Essay Example Many religions make claims in the ethics department, but the fact that religion does this is only a coincidence. Many religions address issues of ethics, but many also have directives that go contrary to this universally acceptable concept of ethics. Being religious is not synonymous to being ethical, as evidenced by the many instances in history where extreme violence was spurred by religious motivations, such as the Crusades and the Inquisition, the Muslim jihads, and the violence in Jerusalem. The advocates of different religions are forever squabbling over the superiority and correctness of their own religion, whereby we can conclude, if we are to be rational, that any one of the ethical systems that they advocate are just as contentious as their religion. Religious institutions have vested interests in many areas that may not be ethical. The human experience is largely self-determined, and does not depend on the supernatural. There is a universal morality that transcends such exclusive institutions as religion; solutions to our ethical dilemmas cannot be based upon religion. As Ambrose Bierce puts succinctly, religion is â€Å"a daughter of Hope and Fear, explaining to Ignorance the nature of the Unknowable.† Today many people are not religious, are atheists, even, but their lack of religious affiliation does not exclude them from the realm of ethics. Atheism, agnosticism, or any such lack of religious conviction is often associated (by the religious, no less) with a corresponding lack of morality. But this is not so; although religion does address some ethical issues, this is merely a coincidence; religion, in general, also espouses some profoundly unethical beliefs. Hence religion can, and should, never be a foundation of ethical behavior. Throughout history man has constantly assumed the existence of metaphysical forces that provide a set of rules on